Fitch Assigns Recovery Rating for Pakistan, Keeps Debt Outlook At B-

Fitch Ratings has affirmed Pakistan’s long-term debt ratings at ‘B-‘ and assigned a Recovery Rating of ‘RR4’ following the removal of the ratings from Under Criteria Observation (UCO).

The rating actions reflect the application of Fitch’s new Sovereign Rating Criteria, effective September 2025, and the inclusion of recovery assumptions into sovereign debt ratings for the first time.

Key Rating Drivers

The senior unsecured long-term debt ratings of Pakistan and The Pakistan Global Sukuk Programme Company Limited are equalised with Pakistan’s Long-Term Foreign-Currency Issuer Default Rating (IDR), reflecting Fitch’s expectation of average recovery prospects in a default scenario, given Pakistan’s high levels of general government debt and interest payments as a percentage of revenue, and the absence of any other clearly identifiable criteria factors that would cause us to notch the debt ratings up or down from the IDR.

On 15 April 2025, Fitch upgraded Pakistan’s Long-Term Foreign-Currency IDR to ‘B-‘ with a Stable Outlook, from ‘CCC+’.

The following environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues represent key rating drivers for the Long-Term Foreign-Currency IDR and, in turn, the debt ratings.

ESG – Governance: Pakistan has an ESG Relevance Score of ‘5’ for political stability and rights and for the rule of law, institutional and regulatory quality and control of corruption, as is the case for all sovereigns. These scores reflect the high weight that World Bank Governance Indicators (WBGI) have in our proprietary Sovereign Rating Model. Pakistan has a WBGI ranking at the 22nd percentile.

The bond and sukuk ratings are sensitive to any changes in Pakistan’s Long-Term Foreign-Currency IDR, which has the following rating sensitivities (as per the rating action commentary referenced above).

Rating Sensitivities

Factors that Could, Individually or Collectively, Lead to Negative Rating Action/Downgrade

• Public Finances: Failure to keep government debt and debt-servicing metrics on a firm downward path.
• External Finances: Renewed deterioration in external liquidity conditions, for example from delays in IMF programme reviews or insufficiently tight economic policy settings.

Factors that Could, Individually or Collectively, Lead to Positive Rating Action/Upgrade

• Public Finances: Significant declines in government debt and debt-servicing burdens, for example due to the implementation of fiscal consolidation plans in line with IMF programme commitments, leading to structural improvements in tax revenue generation.
• External Finances: Further significant easing of external financing risks, including evidence of greater ability to source external funding and a sustained recovery in foreign-currency reserves beyond Fitch’s forecasts.